Which indicator each acid-base pair needs, how permanganometry, iodometry and iodimetry differ, how EDTA measures hardness, and five numericals worked in full.
Unit 5 carries 3 of the 50 chemistry marks; with three chapters sharing them, this one averages one (MEC publishes weights by unit, not by chapter). It is also the chapter most likely to carry a calculation, and volumetric arithmetic appears again in Physical chemistry — so the work here pays twice.
The MEC scope line runs: Acid–base titration and selection of indicators. Redox titration: permanganometric, iodometric and iodimetric. Complexometric titration. The headings below are its points in MEC's order.
Three ways it comes: recall (the indicator for a weak acid against a strong base, the colour change of EBT); understanding (why permanganate is acidified with sulphuric acid only, why starch is added late in iodometry); application (a burette reading turned into a concentration, a hardness in ppm).
A note on convention. Nepal's Grade 11–12 textbooks work in normality and equivalent weight — N = M × n-factor, equivalent weight = molar mass ÷ n-factor, and N₁V₁ = N₂V₂ at the end point. Modern practice and IUPAC prefer molarity with a balanced equation and its mole ratio, because the n-factor is a property of the reaction rather than of the substance. Both are given below and both are correct; the questions here are set to the textbook (normality) convention where the textbook uses it.
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