Name the tools of recombinant DNA work — restriction enzymes, ligase, plasmid and Ti vectors, gene gun, PCR, gels — put the steps in order, and weigh GM crops such as Bt cotton and golden rice against Nepal's rules on them.
Unit 9 carries 3 of the 40 botany marks; with three chapters sharing them, this one averages one (MEC publishes weights by unit, not by chapter). The MEC scope line: Introduction, concept and application of genetic engineering. Three ways it can be asked:
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See the plansApplied Botany: Unit Map and Reading Order
What the Applied botany unit covers, how many questions it carries, and the order to read its three chapter notes in.
Botany Rapid Revision — Cycles, Pigments & Pathways
Photosynthesis and respiration accounting, plant hormones, life-cycle patterns and the classification characters that carry the 40-mark Botany block.
Genetics Ratios & Cell Division Cheat Sheet
Mendelian ratios, mitosis vs meiosis, and DNA base-pairing rules in one page.
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Minerals: Sugars, Fats and What Soil Supplies
Sort sugars by size, linkage and reducing power, tell starch from cellulose from chitin, classify lipids and fatty acids, and match each plant mineral to its role and deficiency symptom.