Say how DNA was proved to be the genetic material, use the Watson–Crick numbers and Chargaff's rules in calculations, follow each enzyme at the replication fork, and read the genetic code and the central dogma.
Unit 5 carries 6 of the 40 botany marks; with five chapters sharing them, this one averages just over one (MEC publishes weights by unit, not by chapter). The MEC scope line: Composition, structure and functions of DNA and RNA; DNA replication; Concept of the central dogma; Genetic code. Unit overview: Cell Biology & Genetics. Three ways it is asked:
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See the plansGenetics Ratios & Cell Division Cheat Sheet
Mendelian ratios, mitosis vs meiosis, and DNA base-pairing rules in one page.
Genetics: Unit Map and Reading Order
What the Genetics unit covers, how many questions it carries, and the order to read its five chapter notes in.
Botany Rapid Revision — Cycles, Pigments & Pathways
Photosynthesis and respiration accounting, plant hormones, life-cycle patterns and the classification characters that carry the 40-mark Botany block.
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Minerals: Sugars, Fats and What Soil Supplies
Sort sugars by size, linkage and reducing power, tell starch from cellulose from chitin, classify lipids and fatty acids, and match each plant mineral to its role and deficiency symptom.