The unit in one line
How flowering plants reproduce: vegetative propagation, the making of pollen and the embryo sac, pollination, double fertilisation, and what the zygote and the primary endosperm nucleus become. 2 of Botany's 40 questions over two chapters.
Read in this order
- Reproduction in angiosperms (9 min) — asexual methods, micro- and megasporogenesis, pollination types and the contrivances against selfing, and double fertilisation.
- Embryo and endosperm (7 min) — dicot and monocot embryos, and the endosperm types with their functions. It starts where fertilisation ends, so read it second.
About 15 minutes in all. Seed germination and dormancy are taught in Plant physiology in the 2026 syllabus, not here.
How it is asked
MEC sets the paper roughly half recall, a third understanding and a fifth application. Recall here is which cell becomes what, and who described double fertilisation. Understanding is why the endosperm is triploid, or how dichogamy prevents self-pollination. Application is a leaf cell's chromosome number to carry to the endosperm, a synergid or the zygote.
Then practise
Each chapter has a fixed-length chapter test under Practice › Topics, drawn from questions written to that chapter's scope. Sit it after reading; a second sitting a week later shows whether it stuck.