Compare natural and artificial vegetative propagation, follow the pollen and megaspore mother cells to the pollen grain and the seven-celled embryo sac, sort pollination types and devices, and explain double fertilisation.
Unit 8 carries 2 of the 40 botany marks; with two chapters sharing them, this one averages one (MEC publishes weights by unit, not by chapter). The MEC scope line: Asexual reproduction; Sporogenesis and gametogenesis in angiosperms; Pollination and its types; Fertilisation. Growth, germination and dormancy moved to Plant physiology in 2026 — see Plant growth. Three ways it is asked:
Upgrade to unlock this and every premium study note, formula sheet and high-yield summary — plus unlimited mocks and full solutions.
See the plansBotany Rapid Revision — Cycles, Pigments & Pathways
Photosynthesis and respiration accounting, plant hormones, life-cycle patterns and the classification characters that carry the 40-mark Botany block.
Genetics Ratios & Cell Division Cheat Sheet
Mendelian ratios, mitosis vs meiosis, and DNA base-pairing rules in one page.
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Minerals: Sugars, Fats and What Soil Supplies
Sort sugars by size, linkage and reducing power, tell starch from cellulose from chitin, classify lipids and fatty acids, and match each plant mineral to its role and deficiency symptom.
Proteins and Enzymes: Folding, Catalysis and Inhibition
Build a protein from amino acids up to quaternary structure, classify proteins by shape and composition, name the enzyme classes, and predict how temperature, pH, substrate and inhibitors change the rate.