50 of 200 questions · 6 units · 37 chapters · 45 notes
Order and scope follow the MEC syllabus, third revision (2026-04-28). Blueprint
Sheets that span every unit — open these the week before the paper.
10 questions in the paper · 8 chapters · 8/8 with notes
Precision, accuracy, significant figures and dimensional analysis · Concept, laws and calculations related to vectors and scalars
Concepts, calculations and graphical treatment of linear and projectile motion, with and without resistive force
7 questions in the paper · 6 chapters · 6/6 with notes
Concept of thermal energy, heat and temperature · Modes and laws of heat flow: zeroth law and Stefan–Boltzmann law · Liquid-in-glass, resistance and radiation thermometers: principle, advantages and limitations
8 questions in the paper · 6 chapters · 6/6 with notes
Unit overview
Optics: Unit Map and Reading Order (the Light Half)What the optics half of Waves and optics covers, how many questions the unit carries, and the order to read its three chapter notes in.2 minSound: Unit Map and Reading Order (the Wave Half)What the sound half of Waves and optics covers, how many questions the unit carries, and the order to read its three chapter notes in.2 min9 questions in the paper · 7 chapters · 7/7 with notes
Ohm's and Joule's laws · Resistance, emf, potential difference, energy and power
4 questions in the paper · 3 chapters · 3/3 with notes
Field due to point charges · Electrostatic induction · Coulomb's law and its applications
12 questions in the paper · 7 chapters · 7/7 with notes
Nucleus: charge, size, mass and density · Mass defect, binding energy per nucleon and Einstein's mass–energy relation · Nuclear fusion and fission
Newton's laws and equilibrium conditions · Force, impulse, momentum, torque, work, energy and power in linear motion · Collisions · Solid friction
Moment of inertia (rigid uniform rod only) and radius of gyration · Torque, work, energy and power in rotational motion
Pressure, surface tension and surface energy, capillary action · Newton's law of viscosity, Stokes' law, Poiseuille's law and Bernoulli's principle, with applications
Displacement, velocity, acceleration and centripetal force in horizontal and vertical circles · Simple harmonic motion: period, frequency, displacement, amplitude, velocity, acceleration, restoring force and energy, with graphical treatment · Concept of forced oscillations
Gravitational force, acceleration, field strength, energy and potential: laws, calculations and graphical treatment
Stress, strain, moduli of elasticity, Poisson's ratio and energy density
Linear, superficial and cubical expansion · Real and apparent expansion of liquids
Heat capacity and specific heat capacity · Latent heats · Triple point
Molecular properties of an ideal gas · Pressure, volume, temperature, rms speed and energy
Thermodynamic systems and processes: adiabatic, isothermal, isochoric and isobaric
Heat engines (internal combustion) and refrigerators · Concept of entropy
Progressive waves · Velocity of sound in solids, liquids and gases and the factors affecting it
Velocity, harmonics and overtones in pipes and strings
Pressure amplitude; intensity, loudness, quality and pitch · Doppler effect: concept, calculations and applications
Reflection at curved mirrors · Refraction at plane surfaces and in lenses · Dispersion, chromatic aberration and achromatism
Concept, conditions and applications · Young's double-slit experiment
Concept and conditions of diffraction; single slit and diffraction grating · Resolving power of optical instruments · Polarisation and Brewster's law
Kirchhoff's laws and combinations of resistors · Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge and potentiometer · Galvanometer as ammeter and voltmeter
Seebeck and Peltier effects · Thermocouple calculations
Peak and rms values · Impedance, power, Q-factor and phase in LRC circuits · Rectification using a diode bridge
Domains, relative permeability, susceptibility and hysteresis in dia-, para- and ferromagnetic materials
B-field around a straight conductor, a circular coil and a long solenoid · Force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying conductor or coil in a uniform field · Hall effect
Faraday's and Lenz's laws · AC generator, transformer and eddy currents · Self and mutual inductance; energy stored in an inductor
Concepts, calculations and graphical analysis · Gauss's law and applications
Principle of a capacitor; parallel-plate capacitor · Combinations of capacitors and energy density · Effect of a dielectric
Motion of an electron in electric and magnetic fields · Millikan's oil-drop experiment · J. J. Thomson's experiment
Concept, laws and calculations related to photons and the photoelectric effect
Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom: spectral series and energy levels · de Broglie waves and the uncertainty principle · Production, properties and uses of X-rays; Bragg's law
Laws and units of radioactivity; properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays · Half-life, mean life and their relation; carbon dating · Medical uses of nuclear radiation and health hazards
Energy bands in metals, semiconductors and insulators · Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors · p–n diode, biasing and the diode as a rectifier · Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND
Particles and antiparticles; leptons and quarks; Higgs boson · Nanotechnology · Big Bang theory and Hubble's law